{"id":129956,"date":"2025-04-14T15:38:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-14T13:38:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.safelog.de\/en\/?p=129956"},"modified":"2025-05-07T08:03:48","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T06:03:48","slug":"autonomous-mobile-robots-amr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.safelog.de\/en\/blog\/safeblog\/2025\/04\/14\/autonomous-mobile-robots-amr\/","title":{"rendered":"Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR): Definition, Applications, Alternatives"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”FTS 1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ max_width=”1096px” module_alignment=”center” transparent_background=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Header” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” module_alignment=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR): Definition, Applications, Alternatives<\/h2>\n

An autonomous mobile robot (AMR) or Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) \u2013 when looking to automate <\/span>intralogistic<\/span> transport processes, one <\/span>seems to face<\/span> a choice between two different technologies. But are the differences between AMR and AGV really that significant?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”FTS 2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ max_width=”1096px” module_alignment=”center” transparent_background=”off” make_fullwidth=”off” use_custom_width=”off” width_unit=”on” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

What<\/span> is<\/span> an <\/span>Autonomous<\/span> Mobile Robot (AMR)?<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

The <\/span>term<\/span> <\/span>autonomous<\/span><\/strong> mobile <\/span>robots<\/span><\/a><\/span> (AMR) <\/span>refers<\/span> to<\/span> transport<\/span> robots<\/span> that<\/span> have<\/span> a <\/span><\/span>high <\/span>degree<\/span> of<\/span> autonomy<\/span><\/span>. <\/span>They<\/span> adjust<\/span> their<\/span> travel<\/span> routes<\/span> based<\/span> on <\/span>current<\/span> spatial<\/span> conditions<\/span> and <\/span>autonomously<\/span> avoid<\/span> obstacles<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The term is often used to distinguish autonomous mobile robots (AMR) from the established <\/span>Automated Guided Vehicles<\/span><\/b> (AGV). An AGV is a transport robot that only follows <\/span>predefined routes<\/span><\/b> and does not deviate from them. Examples include magnetic tracks, optical guides, or even virtual tracks via laser navigation.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The terms AGV and FTS (Automated Transport System) are often incorrectly used synonymously. However, an FTS is not a single vehicle, but rather a complete system made up of multiple AGVs (or FTFs in German).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are considered to have less flexibility compared to autonomous robotics.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=”off” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.safelog.de\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/03\/Dresselhaus-S3_Reihe02-scaled.jpg?_t=1742818769″ alt=”Durch den Aufbau inklusive seitlichen F\u00fchrungsschienen verf\u00fcgt der Mobile Roboter \u00fcber ein Passives Lastaufnahmemittel, wodurch die Aufnahme von KLT-Beh\u00e4ltern erm\u00f6glicht wird (Bild: \u00a9 SAFELOG).” title_text=”Dresselhaus S3_Reihe02″ align=”center” disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Image” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Bildunterschrift” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

SAFELOG S3 in coordinated operation at Dresselhaus (Image: \u00a9 SAFELOG).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

However, this distinction doesn’t make sense.<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There are hardly any technological differences between AMR and AGV\/FTF. The hardware of the robots is nearly identical in terms of drive, battery, control, or safety technology.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>And the often mentioned superior <\/span>sensors<\/span><\/b>, such as 3D cameras for environmental detection, can be used when needed in nearly all types of mobile robots.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Even in terms of <\/span>navigation<\/span><\/b>, the similarities are significant. Many modern AGV systems have the ability for free navigation \u2013 which is why they should be called both AGVs and AMRs.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore, it is no longer up-to-date to differentiate between AMR and AGV.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Both are mobile transport robots that take on specific transport tasks and, depending on the application, must fulfill certain autonomous capabilities, such as avoiding obstacles or detouring.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=”off” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.safelog.de\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/03\/Untitled-design-10-e1742818629405.png?_t=1742818785″ alt=”Durch den Aufbau inklusive seitlichen F\u00fchrungsschienen verf\u00fcgt der Mobile Roboter \u00fcber ein Passives Lastaufnahmemittel, wodurch die Aufnahme von KLT-Beh\u00e4ltern erm\u00f6glicht wird (Bild: \u00a9 SAFELOG).” title_text=”Untitled design (10)” align=”center” disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Image” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Bildunterschrift” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

SAFELOG mobile robots with Periphery Setup at SportOkay (Image: \u00a9 SAFELOG).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

How much autonomy is sensible?<\/h2>\n

Since AMRs navigate autonomously, their <\/span>driving behavior is<\/span><\/b> often less precisely predictable<\/span><\/b>. Especially in production environments, where high temporal precision is required due to <\/span>just-in-time scheduling<\/span><\/b>, autonomously navigating robots can jeopardize process safety with their unpredictable driving behavior.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In automation with mobile robots on the traditional <\/span>assembly line<\/span><\/b>, in the linking of sources and sinks in <\/span>production logistics<\/span><\/b>, or in line supply from the warehouses, too much autonomy jeopardizes the achievement of the required goals. This is because a detour causes a <\/span>time delay<\/span><\/b> or creates an obstruction for other process participants.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

If there are additional (manual) vehicles on the shop floor or <\/span>complex traffic rules<\/span><\/b> need to be followed, it is difficult to ensure a predictable workflow with autonomous systems.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The autonomous robots <\/span>may even overtake each other<\/span><\/b> when they encounter obstacles. This disrupts the delivery sequence based on the pearl chain principle.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In contrast, when a robot navigates with <\/span>little autonomy<\/span><\/b> on a defined route, it performs its tasks efficiently, safely, and reliably. This is a key advantage when many transport robots need to interact with each other, as well as with other vehicles or peripheral systems.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The situation is different in applications in intralogistics, where the delivery time and sequence play a secondary or no role at all.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Autonomy can be advantageous in a<\/span> picking warehouse<\/span><\/b>. There are often no mandatory route guidelines, a freely navigable area, and the transport tasks are not tightly scheduled. Instead, the focus is on goals such as quickly locating goods.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=”off” admin_label=”Divider” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

What really matters in automation with transport robots<\/h2>\n

Autonomous navigation is not a cure-all for faulty processes<\/span><\/b>. If pallets, bicycles, or other items are randomly placed and disrupt intralogistics workflows, these are <\/span>structural problems<\/span><\/b> that cannot be solved through automation with transport robots.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.safelog.de\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/AdobeStock_942320276-scaled.jpeg?_t=1745930511″ title_text=”unorganized warehouse” show_bottom_space=”off” align=”center” admin_label=”Image unordentliche Fabrikhalle” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”560px” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Bildunterschrift” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”43.2px” custom_padding=”19px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Example of a poorly-organized factory hall (Image: \u00a9 Adobe Stock).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Ultimately, the success of a project depends not on the level of autonomy, but on <\/span>cost efficiency<\/span><\/b><\/a> and stable, <\/span>high technical availability<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The in-house staff must be able to get the system up and running again in case of <\/span>disruptions<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The fewer technologies and sensors are integrated into a robot, the fewer potential sources of error and technological dependencies there are. This makes the system very <\/span>robust<\/span><\/b>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>It is also crucial to choose a flexible robotics solution. This is because a <\/span>control station<\/span><\/b> is usually required to manage the robots. It is expensive to purchase, program, and maintain, and is particularly uneconomical for smaller automation projects with few robots. Additionally, if the control station experiences a malfunction, the entire fleet can fail.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.safelog.de\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/AdobeStock_10484262-scaled.jpeg?_t=1745930542″ title_text=”organized warehouse” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||-6px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Bildunterschrift” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”24px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Example of a well-organized factory hall (Image: \u00a9 Adobe Stock).<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Modern mobile transport robots therefore have <\/span>agent-based control<\/span><\/b>. The robots communicate decentrally with each other in a swarm, sharing their position, destination, and route, and exchanging information about disruptions on the routes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>In the event of a malfunction, only the affected vehicle stops, while the swarm continues with its tasks. <\/span>This eliminates the costly downtime of entire fleets<\/span><\/b>. The technical availability of the solution can reach over 99%. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Route planning<\/span><\/b> and authorizations for route sections also occur based on the internal communication within the swarm.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The agent-based control enables efficient operation of <\/span>robot fleets<\/span><\/b> ranging from a few to several hundred vehicles. There is only a relatively higher effort required for the initial setup due to the fleet size.<\/span> This allows for a <\/span>cost-effective<\/span><\/b> automation solution for small businesses<\/span><\/b>, even with a low number of robots. Additionally, quick ROIs can be achieved, especially in connection with leasing and financing models. With decentralized control, both efficiency and <\/span>process reliability<\/span><\/b> increase.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=”off” admin_label=”Divider” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Summary<\/h2>\n

The distinction between autonomous mobile robots (AMR) and driverless transport vehicles (FTF\/AGV) is irrelevant. Both terms describe mobile transport robots with varying levels of autonomy.<\/span> \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Whether autonomous navigation makes sense depends on the specific application. The success of automation with transport robots is determined by the stability of the system, cost efficiency, and fleet availability.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u200b<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider show_divider=”off” admin_label=”Divider” _builder_version=”4.25.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR): Definition, Applications, Alternatives An autonomous mobile robot (AMR) or Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) \u2013 when looking to automate intralogistic transport processes, one seems to face a choice between two different technologies. But are the differences between AMR and AGV really that significant?\u00a0 What is an Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR)?\u00a0 The term […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":130944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[206],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-129956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-safeblog"],"yoast_head":"\nAutonomous Mobile Robots (AMR): Definition, Applications, Alternatives - SAFELOG GmbH EN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Autonomous mobile robots - What are autonomous mobile robots (AMR) or automated guided vehicles (AGV)? When does automation with AMR make sense? 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